Total Energy Flow in Canada shown in PJ - 2022

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This diagram illustrates Canada’s total energy flows—from primary sources to final consumption. On the left, it shows the primary energy supply, including domestic production, imports, and exports of electricity, natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products, coal and coke oven gas, and natural gas liquids (NGLs). The central section shows how energy is transformed, along with associated losses and adjustments. The right side illustrates the distribution of energy end use among the transportation, industrial, residential, commercial, and agriculture sectors.

Of the total available primary energy, natural gas has the largest share at 40.4%, followed by crude oil and refined petroleum products at 32.2%. Electricity accounts for 17.3%, natural gas liquids (NGLs) for 6.2%, and coal and coke oven gas for 3.9%.

The industrial sector uses the most (41.4%) of the total energy use, followed by the transportation sector (26.7%). The residential sector accounts for 15.8%, while commercial sectors use 13% of the total energy use. The agriculture sector only uses 3.2% of the total energy use.

Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A.

Hydro: 1418 PJ Hydro: 1418 Nuclear: 952 PJ Nuclear: 952 Other Renewable Energy: 233 PJ Other Renewable : 233 Total Input for Electricity Generation: 3796 PJ Total Input for Electricity Generation 3796 Electricity and steam lost during generation: 1475 PJ Lost During Generation: 1475 Electricity and Steam Generation: 2320 PJ Electricity and Steam Generation 2320 Electricity Exported: 235 PJ Export: 235 Electricity Imported: 51 PJ Import: 51 Available Electricity and Steam: 2135 PJ Available Electricity and Steam 2135 Other Electricity Consumption: 90 PJ Other3Other Electricity Consumption = Producer Consumption of Electricity + Statistical Difference Electricity Consumption: 90 Residential Electricity: 645 PJ 645 Commercial Electricity: 533 PJ 533 Industrial Electricity: 798 PJ 798 Transportation Electricity: 30 PJ 30 Agricultural Electricity: 38 PJ 38 Natural Gas Production Natural Gas (NGNatural Gas) Production: 7424 4145 Natural Gas Imported: 1194 PJ Import: 1194 Natural Gas Exported: 3279 PJ Export: 3279 Natural Gas Adjustments: -355 PJ Adjustments : -355 Natural Gas for Elec Generation and Steam Production: 845 PJ NGNatural Gas for Elec Generation and Steam Production: 845 Other Natural Gas Used: 1061 PJ Other NGNatural Gas Used: 1061 Residential Natural Gas: 673 PJ 673 Commercial Natural Gas: 609 PJ 609 Industrial Natural Gas: 1741 PJ 1741 Transportation Natural Gas: 5 PJ 5 Agricultural Natural Gas: 50 PJ 50 Available Natural Gas: 4983 PJ Available Natural Gas 4983 Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas Production Coal, Coke, Coke Oven Gas Production: 1259 226 Exported Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas: 1033 PJ Export: 1033 Imported Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas: 189 PJ Import: 189 Coal, Coke, Coke even Gas Adjustments: 69 PJ Adjustments : 69 Available Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas: 483 PJ Available Coal, Coke, Coke Oven Gas 483 Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas for Electricity Generation: 277 PJ Coal, Coke, Coke Oven Gas for Electricity Generation: 277 Other Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas Consumption: 85 PJ Other Coal, Coke, Coke Oven Gas Consumption: 85 Industrial Coal, Coke, Coke oven Gas: 121 PJ 121 Refined Petroleum Product (RPPRefined Petroleum Product) Production: 4649 3829 Imported RPP: 492 PJ Import: 492 Exported RPP: 820 PJ Export: 820 RPP Adjustments: -351 PJ Adjustments : -351 Available RPP: 3970 PJ Available RPPRefined Petroleum Product4The refined petroleum products include motor gasoline, diesel fuel oil, light fuel oil, kerosene (stove oil), heavy fuel oil, aviation turbo fuel, aviation gasoline, petroleum coke, still gas and refinery liquified petroleum gases (LPG’s or propane). 3970 RPP for Electricity Generation and Steam production: 73 PJ RPPRefined Petroleum Product for Elec Generation and Steam production 73 Other RPP Consumption: 896 PJ Other RPPRefined Petroleum Product Consumption: 8965Other RPP consumption includes producer consumption, non-energy use, pipeline use and statistical difference. Residential RPP: 44 PJ 44 Commercial RPP: 156 PJ 156 Industrial RPP: 320 PJ 320 Transportation RPP: 2279 PJ 2279 Agricultural RPP: 202 PJ 202 Natural Gas Liquids Production Natural Gas Liquids (NGLNatural Gas Liquids) Production: 963 600 Available NGL: 763 PJ Available NGLNatural Gas Liquids 763 Imported NGL: 97 PJ Import: 97 Exported NGL: 368 PJ Export: 368 Residential NGL: 17 PJ 17 Commercial NGL: 38 PJ 38 Industrial NGL: 66 PJ 66 Transportation NGL: 12 PJ 12 Agricultural NGL: 10 PJ 10 NGL Adjustments: 65 PJ Adjustments: 65 Other NGL Consumption: 620 PJ Other NGLNatural Gas Liquids Consumption: 620 Commercial and Public Administration: 1203 (13.0%) Commercial and Public Administration 1203 (13.0%)Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A.* Agriculture: 299 (3.2%) Agriculture 299 (3.2%) Residential: 1461 (15.8%) Residential 1461 (15.8%)Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A.* Industrial: 3834 (41.4%) Industrial 3834 (41.4%)Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A.* Transportation: 2470 PJ (26.7%) Transportation6Transportation fuel use includes foreign carrier’s energy demand, both airline and marine. 2470 (26.7%)Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A.* 1Other Renewable = Wind + Biomass + Solar + Geothermal + Tidal 2Other Adjustments = Inter-regional Transfer - Stock Variation + Inter-product Transfer + Other adjustments 2Other Adjustments = Inter-regional Transfer - Stock Variation + Inter-product Transfer + Other adjustments 2Other Adjustments = Inter-regional Transfer - Stock Variation + Inter-product Transfer + Other adjustments 2Other Adjustments = Inter-regional Transfer - Stock Variation + Inter-product Transfer + Other adjustments NG: Natural Gas RPP: Refined Petroleum Product NGL: Natural Gas Liquids PJ: Petajoules 1 2 3 4 5 6 * Input and output data may not balance because the input includes only RESD data and does not capture other external sources used as inputs; these are explained in the Notes tab and Appendix A. Other Renewable = Wind + Biomass + Solar + Geothermal + Tidal Adjustments = Inter-regional Transfer - Stock Variation + Inter-product Transfer + Other adjustments Other Electricity Consumption = Producer Consumption of Electricity + Statistical Difference Available RPPRefined Petroleum Product The refined petroleum products include motor gasoline, diesel fuel oil, light fuel oil, kerosene (stove oil), heavy fuel oil, aviation turbo fuel, aviation gasoline, petroleum coke, still gas and refinery liquified petroleum gases (LPG's or propane). Other RPPRefined Petroleum Product Consumption Other RPPRefined Petroleum Product consumption includes producer consumption, non-energy use, pipeline use and statistical difference. Transportation Fuel Use Transportation fuel use includes foreign carrier’s energy demand, both airline and marine. SPAD/OEE/NRCan 2025/12/08

Total Energy Flow in Canada

The Energy Flow in Canada section shows how various energy sources move through Canada's economy and infrastructure. This section features interactive Sankey diagrams that illustrate the flow of electricity, natural gas, crude oil and refined petroleum products crude oil and refined petroleum products (crude-RPP), natural gas liquids (NGL), coal, coke, and coke oven gas. Sankey diagrams are powerful tools for visualizing energy data, as they highlight the magnitude of energy inputs, transformations, and outputs through proportionally sized flow paths. Whether viewed individually or in combined formats, these diagrams help users understand the scale and direction of energy use across sectors, supporting informed decisions and deeper insights into Canada's energy landscape.

Discrepancies in Canadian Energy Flow Sankey Diagrams

Total Energy Flow in Canada

Residential

Wood consumption data—which is outside of RESD—data is added to the residential sector in NEUD data.

Commercial and Institutional

The difference is due to the re‐allocation in NEUD data. The consumption of diesel fuel oil, aviation fuels and motor gasoline used by the C/I sector in RESD is re-allocated to the transportation sector.

Industrial

The differences are due to re-allocation of fuels: a portion of RESD’s producer consumption used by primary metal manufacturing industry, petroleum refining industry, and mining sectors is reallocated to the industrial sector’s energy use in NEUD database. The wood waste and pulping liquor as well as waste fuels used in cement industry are added in NEUD data. The motor gasoline and aviation fuels consumption reported in RESD’s industrial sector is re-allocated to the transportation sector in NEUD data.

Transportation

The difference is due to a reallocation of diesel fuel, motor gasoline, and kerosene used by the C/I sector to the transportation sector, and the fuels used by pipeline sector is taken out from the transportation sector and included into the producer consumption, which is outside of the end-use consumption.

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